home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Unknown | 1992-06-06 | 332.5 KB |
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MacOS 8.1
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Win98
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DOS
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Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
---|
66%
| dexvert
| OS/2 Installation Package (archive/os2InstallPackage)
| ext
| Supported |
1%
| dexvert
| BeOS Installation Package (archive/beOSInstallPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
1%
| dexvert
| Newton Package (archive/newtonPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
1%
| dexvert
| Independence War 2 mod Package (other/independenceWar2ModPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
100%
| file
| data
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 1a 44 50 31 2e 31 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 05 64 00 |.DP1.1..|......d.|
|00000010| 00 00 16 00 00 00 30 30 | 00 00 00 01 9c 05 00 00 |......00|........|
|00000020| 45 0e 00 00 30 31 00 00 | 00 01 e1 13 00 00 84 0b |E...01..|........|
|00000030| 00 00 30 32 00 00 00 01 | 65 1f 00 00 f9 0a 00 00 |..02....|e.......|
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|00000050| 00 00 00 01 43 37 00 00 | f3 0d 00 00 30 35 00 00 |....C7..|....05..|
|00000060| 00 01 36 45 00 00 5c 0c | 00 00 30 36 00 00 00 01 |..6E..\.|..06....|
|00000070| 92 51 00 00 17 0c 00 00 | 30 37 00 00 00 01 a9 5d |.Q......|07.....]|
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|00000090| 52 0d 00 00 30 39 00 00 | 00 01 a1 7a 00 00 ed 0c |R...09..|...z....|
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|000000b0| 31 31 00 00 00 01 2c 95 | 00 00 5d 11 00 00 31 32 |11....,.|..]...12|
|000000c0| 00 00 00 01 89 a6 00 00 | ab 0b 00 00 31 33 00 00 |........|....13..|
|000000d0| 00 01 34 b2 00 00 99 0c | 00 00 31 34 00 00 00 01 |..4.....|..14....|
|000000e0| cd be 00 00 05 0f 00 00 | 31 35 00 00 00 01 d2 cd |........|15......|
|000000f0| 00 00 ca 09 00 00 31 36 | 00 00 00 01 9c d7 00 00 |......16|........|
|00000100| 08 11 00 00 31 37 00 00 | 00 01 a4 e8 00 00 cd 0a |....17..|........|
|00000110| 00 00 31 38 00 00 00 01 | 71 f3 00 00 fb 0b 00 00 |..18....|q.......|
|00000120| 31 39 00 00 00 01 6c ff | 00 00 cf 0a 00 00 32 30 |19....l.|......20|
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|00000140| 00 01 14 1b 01 00 e2 08 | 00 00 32 32 00 00 00 01 |........|..22....|
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|000001b0| 00 01 f9 77 01 00 6a 09 | 00 00 33 30 00 00 00 01 |...w..j.|..30....|
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|000001e0| d6 0b 00 00 33 33 00 00 | 00 01 4b a5 01 00 39 08 |....33..|..K...9.|
|000001f0| 00 00 33 34 00 00 00 01 | 84 ad 01 00 fb 0a 00 00 |..34....|........|
|00000200| 33 35 00 00 00 01 7f b8 | 01 00 6c 0c 00 00 33 36 |35......|..l...36|
|00000210| 00 00 00 01 eb c4 01 00 | fb 0f 00 00 33 37 00 00 |........|....37..|
|00000220| 00 01 e6 d4 01 00 50 09 | 00 00 33 38 00 00 00 01 |......P.|..38....|
|00000230| 36 de 01 00 25 0c 00 00 | 33 39 00 00 00 01 5b ea |6...%...|39....[.|
|00000240| 01 00 b8 0b 00 00 34 30 | 00 00 00 01 13 f6 01 00 |......40|........|
|00000250| 8d 0b 00 00 34 31 00 00 | 00 01 a0 01 02 00 3e 0c |....41..|......>.|
|00000260| 00 00 34 32 00 00 00 01 | de 0d 02 00 fb 14 00 00 |..42....|........|
|00000270| 34 33 00 00 00 01 d9 22 | 02 00 ad 0a 00 00 34 34 |43....."|......44|
|00000280| 00 00 00 01 86 2d 02 00 | d8 0b 00 00 34 35 00 00 |.....-..|....45..|
|00000290| 00 01 5e 39 02 00 5c 0e | 00 00 34 36 00 00 00 01 |..^9..\.|..46....|
|000002a0| ba 47 02 00 31 0f 00 00 | 34 37 00 00 00 01 eb 56 |.G..1...|47.....V|
|000002b0| 02 00 ff 09 00 00 34 38 | 00 00 00 01 ea 60 02 00 |......48|.....`..|
|000002c0| 70 09 00 00 34 39 00 00 | 00 01 5a 6a 02 00 30 0f |p...49..|..Zj..0.|
|000002d0| 00 00 35 30 00 00 00 01 | 8a 79 02 00 d2 10 00 00 |..50....|.y......|
|000002e0| 35 31 00 00 00 01 5c 8a | 02 00 bc 0b 00 00 35 32 |51....\.|......52|
|000002f0| 00 00 00 01 18 96 02 00 | 4c 11 00 00 35 33 00 00 |........|L...53..|
|00000300| 00 01 64 a7 02 00 de 0d | 00 00 35 34 00 00 00 01 |..d.....|..54....|
|00000310| 42 b5 02 00 ad 0e 00 00 | 35 35 00 00 00 01 ef c3 |B.......|55......|
|00000320| 02 00 cf 0a 00 00 35 36 | 00 00 00 01 be ce 02 00 |......56|........|
|00000330| 85 0a 00 00 35 37 00 00 | 00 01 43 d9 02 00 6e 10 |....57..|..C...n.|
|00000340| 00 00 35 38 00 00 00 01 | b1 e9 02 00 25 0d 00 00 |..58....|....%...|
|00000350| 35 39 00 00 00 01 d6 f6 | 02 00 57 0a 00 00 36 30 |59......|..W...60|
|00000360| 00 00 00 01 2d 01 03 00 | c1 08 00 00 36 31 00 00 |....-...|....61..|
|00000370| 00 01 ee 09 03 00 51 0d | 00 00 36 32 00 00 00 01 |......Q.|..62....|
|00000380| 3f 17 03 00 b4 0e 00 00 | 36 33 00 00 00 01 f3 25 |?.......|63.....%|
|00000390| 03 00 07 0e 00 00 36 34 | 00 00 00 01 fa 33 03 00 |......64|.....3..|
|000003a0| 4d 10 00 00 36 35 00 00 | 00 01 47 44 03 00 89 0e |M...65..|..GD....|
|000003b0| 00 00 36 36 00 00 00 01 | d0 52 03 00 c4 0d 00 00 |..66....|.R......|
|000003c0| 36 37 00 00 00 01 94 60 | 03 00 e0 09 00 00 36 38 |67.....`|......68|
|000003d0| 00 00 00 01 74 6a 03 00 | 82 10 00 00 36 39 00 00 |....tj..|....69..|
|000003e0| 00 01 f6 7a 03 00 65 0d | 00 00 37 30 00 00 00 01 |...z..e.|..70....|
|000003f0| 5b 88 03 00 7a 0a 00 00 | 37 31 00 00 00 01 d5 92 |[...z...|71......|
|00000400| 03 00 c3 0c 00 00 37 32 | 00 00 00 01 98 9f 03 00 |......72|........|
|00000410| 2c 0b 00 00 37 33 00 00 | 00 01 c4 aa 03 00 1e 0f |,...73..|........|
|00000420| 00 00 37 34 00 00 00 01 | e2 b9 03 00 9d 0e 00 00 |..74....|........|
|00000430| 37 35 00 00 00 01 7f c8 | 03 00 0e 0f 00 00 37 36 |75......|......76|
|00000440| 00 00 00 01 8d d7 03 00 | 80 10 00 00 37 37 00 00 |........|....77..|
|00000450| 00 01 0d e8 03 00 f5 10 | 00 00 37 38 00 00 00 01 |........|..78....|
|00000460| 02 f9 03 00 82 11 00 00 | 37 39 00 00 00 01 84 0a |........|79......|
|00000470| 04 00 71 0f 00 00 38 30 | 00 00 00 01 f5 19 04 00 |..q...80|........|
|00000480| 50 0b 00 00 38 31 00 00 | 00 01 45 25 04 00 55 0c |P...81..|..E%..U.|
|00000490| 00 00 38 32 00 00 00 01 | 9a 31 04 00 87 0f 00 00 |..82....|.1......|
|000004a0| 38 33 00 00 00 01 21 41 | 04 00 0e 0e 00 00 38 34 |83....!A|......84|
|000004b0| 00 00 00 01 2f 4f 04 00 | 49 0f 00 00 38 35 00 00 |..../O..|I...85..|
|000004c0| 00 01 78 5e 04 00 90 0e | 00 00 38 36 00 00 00 01 |..x^....|..86....|
|000004d0| 08 6d 04 00 d5 07 00 00 | 38 37 00 00 00 01 dd 74 |.m......|87.....t|
|000004e0| 04 00 a0 12 00 00 38 38 | 00 00 00 01 7d 87 04 00 |......88|....}...|
|000004f0| 84 11 00 00 38 39 00 00 | 00 01 01 99 04 00 ae 0c |....89..|........|
|00000500| 00 00 39 30 00 00 00 01 | af a5 04 00 a9 11 00 00 |..90....|........|
|00000510| 39 31 00 00 00 01 58 b7 | 04 00 37 0d 00 00 39 32 |91....X.|..7...92|
|00000520| 00 00 00 01 8f c4 04 00 | eb 0d 00 00 39 33 00 00 |........|....93..|
|00000530| 00 01 7a d2 04 00 21 10 | 00 00 39 34 00 00 00 01 |..z...!.|..94....|
|00000540| 9b e2 04 00 4e 0c 00 00 | 39 35 00 00 00 01 e9 ee |....N...|95......|
|00000550| 04 00 f2 0d 00 00 39 36 | 00 00 00 01 db fc 04 00 |......96|........|
|00000560| a3 0b 00 00 39 37 00 00 | 00 01 7e 08 05 00 0f 0f |....97..|..~.....|
|00000570| 00 00 39 38 00 00 00 01 | 8d 17 05 00 3d 0e 00 00 |..98....|....=...|
|00000580| 39 39 00 00 00 01 ca 25 | 05 00 49 0c 00 00 00 00 |99.....%|..I.....|
|00000590| 00 00 00 00 13 32 05 00 | 00 00 00 00 24 55 6e 69 |.....2..|....$Uni|
|000005a0| 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 | 52 42 31 30 34 30 30 7d |que_ID{Y|RB10400}|
|000005b0| 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 | 7b 46 61 74 61 6c 20 4e |..$Title|{Fatal N|
|000005c0| 65 63 72 6f 74 69 7a 69 | 6e 67 20 46 61 73 63 69 |ecrotizi|ng Fasci|
|000005d0| 69 74 69 73 20 46 6f 6c | 6c 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 53 |itis Fol|lowing S|
|000005e0| 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 2d 41 | 73 73 69 73 74 65 64 20 |uction-A|ssisted |
|000005f0| 4c 69 70 65 63 74 6f 6d | 79 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 74 |Lipectom|y}..$Aut|
|00000600| 68 6f 72 7b 41 6c 65 78 | 61 6e 64 65 72 2c 20 4a |hor{Alex|ander, J|
|00000610| 0d 0a 54 61 6b 65 64 61 | 2c 20 44 0d 0a 53 61 6e |..Takeda|, D..San|
|00000620| 64 65 72 73 2c 20 47 0d | 0a 47 6f 6c 64 62 65 72 |ders, G.|.Goldber|
|00000630| 67 2c 20 48 7d 0d 0a 24 | 41 66 66 69 6c 69 61 74 |g, H}..$|Affiliat|
|00000640| 69 6f 6e 7b 4e 6f 72 74 | 68 72 69 64 67 65 20 48 |ion{Nort|hridge H|
|00000650| 6f 73 70 20 4d 65 64 20 | 43 74 72 2c 20 4c 6f 73 |osp Med |Ctr, Los|
|00000660| 20 41 6e 67 65 6c 65 73 | 3b 20 55 6e 69 76 20 6f | Angeles|; Univ o|
|00000670| 66 20 43 61 6c 69 66 6f | 72 6e 69 61 2c 20 4c 6f |f Califo|rnia, Lo|
|00000680| 73 20 41 6e 67 65 6c 65 | 73 7d 0d 0a 24 4a 6f 75 |s Angele|s}..$Jou|
|00000690| 72 6e 61 6c 7b 41 6e 6e | 20 50 6c 61 73 74 20 53 |rnal{Ann| Plast S|
|000006a0| 75 72 67 7d 0d 0a 24 56 | 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 32 30 |urg}..$V|olume{20|
|000006b0| 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 65 | 7b 35 36 32 2d 35 36 35 |}..$Page|{562-565|
|000006c0| 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 65 | 7b 4a 75 6e 65 20 31 39 |}..$Date|{June 19|
|000006d0| 38 38 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 | 56 6f 6c 7b 31 39 39 30 |88}..$YB|Vol{1990|
|000006e0| 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f | 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 45 6d | Year Bo|ok of Em|
|000006f0| 65 72 67 65 6e 63 79 20 | 4d 65 64 69 63 69 6e 65 |ergency |Medicine|
|00000700| 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 70 | 74 65 72 7b 34 2d 37 30 |}..$Chap|ter{4-70|
|00000710| 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 64 | 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 2e |}..$YBEd|itor{Dr.|
|00000720| 20 57 61 67 6e 65 72 7d | 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c 65 | Wagner}|..$Table|
|00000730| 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f 6d | 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f 72 |{}..$Com|mentator|
|00000740| 7b 48 2e 44 2e 20 55 6e | 67 65 72 2c 20 4d 2e 44 |{H.D. Un|ger, M.D|
|00000750| 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f | 70 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 |.}....Co|pyright |
|00000760| 28 63 29 20 59 65 61 72 | 62 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 |(c) Year|book Med|
|00000770| 69 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 | 6c 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c |ical Pub|lishers,|
|00000780| 20 49 6e 63 2e 2c 20 31 | 39 39 30 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 | Inc., 1|990....1|
|00000790| 39 39 30 20 59 65 61 72 | 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 |990 Year| Book of|
|000007a0| 20 45 6d 65 72 67 65 6e | 63 79 20 4d 65 64 69 63 | Emergen|cy Medic|
|000007b0| 69 6e 65 20 28 52 29 0d | 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 |ine (R).|...Chapt|
|000007c0| 65 72 20 34 2d 2d 53 70 | 65 63 69 61 6c 20 45 6d |er 4--Sp|ecial Em|
|000007d0| 65 72 67 65 6e 63 69 65 | 73 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 49 44 |ergencie|s....AID|
|000007e0| 53 20 49 6e 66 65 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 0d 0a 0d 0a |S Infect|ions....|
|000007f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000800| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000810| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000820| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000830| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a |--------|------..|
|00000840| 46 61 74 61 6c 20 4e 65 | 63 72 6f 74 69 7a 69 6e |Fatal Ne|crotizin|
|00000850| 67 20 46 61 73 63 69 69 | 74 69 73 20 46 6f 6c 6c |g Fascii|tis Foll|
|00000860| 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 53 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 2d 41 73 |owing Su|ction-As|
|00000870| 73 69 73 74 65 64 20 4c | 69 70 65 63 74 6f 6d 79 |sisted L|ipectomy|
|00000880| 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 6c 65 78 | 61 6e 64 65 72 20 4a 2c |....Alex|ander J,|
|00000890| 20 54 61 6b 65 64 61 20 | 44 2c 20 53 61 6e 64 65 | Takeda |D, Sande|
|000008a0| 72 73 20 47 2c 20 47 6f | 6c 64 62 65 72 67 20 48 |rs G, Go|ldberg H|
|000008b0| 0d 0a 28 4e 6f 72 74 68 | 72 69 64 67 65 20 48 6f |..(North|ridge Ho|
|000008c0| 73 70 20 4d 65 64 20 43 | 74 72 2c 20 4c 6f 73 20 |sp Med C|tr, Los |
|000008d0| 41 6e 67 65 6c 65 73 3b | 20 55 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 |Angeles;| Univ of|
|000008e0| 20 43 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 | 6e 69 61 2c 20 4c 6f 73 | Califor|nia, Los|
|000008f0| 20 41 6e 67 65 6c 65 73 | 29 0d 0a 41 6e 6e 20 50 | Angeles|)..Ann P|
|00000900| 6c 61 73 74 20 53 75 72 | 67 20 32 30 3a 35 36 32 |last Sur|g 20:562|
|00000910| 2d 35 36 35 2c 20 4a 75 | 6e 65 20 31 39 38 38 0d |-565, Ju|ne 1988.|
|00000920| 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |.-------|--------|
|00000930| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000940| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000950| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000960| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d |--------|-------.|
|00000970| 0a 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 72 | 61 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |...Abstr|act.... |
|00000980| 20 20 20 20 52 65 73 68 | 61 70 69 6e 67 20 61 72 | Resh|aping ar|
|00000990| 65 61 73 20 6f 66 20 65 | 78 63 65 73 73 20 61 64 |eas of e|xcess ad|
|000009a0| 69 70 6f 73 65 20 74 69 | 73 73 75 65 20 75 73 69 |ipose ti|ssue usi|
|000009b0| 6e 67 20 73 69 6d 70 6c | 65 20 61 6e 64 20 72 65 |ng simpl|e and re|
|000009c0| 6c 61 74 69 76 65 6c 79 | 20 73 61 66 65 0d 0a 70 |latively| safe..p|
|000009d0| 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 65 | 73 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 |rocedure|s has be|
|000009e0| 65 6e 20 61 20 67 6f 61 | 6c 20 69 6e 20 70 6c 61 |en a goa|l in pla|
|000009f0| 73 74 69 63 20 73 75 72 | 67 65 72 79 20 73 69 6e |stic sur|gery sin|
|00000a00| 63 65 20 74 68 65 20 65 | 61 72 6c 79 20 31 39 30 |ce the e|arly 190|
|00000a10| 30 73 2e 20 20 46 61 74 | 0d 0a 72 65 6d 6f 76 61 |0s. Fat|..remova|
|00000a20| 6c 20 74 68 72 6f 75 67 | 68 20 61 20 73 6d 61 6c |l throug|h a smal|
|00000a30| 6c 20 69 6e 63 69 73 69 | 6f 6e 20 68 61 73 20 72 |l incisi|on has r|
|00000a40| 65 63 65 6e 74 6c 79 20 | 67 61 69 6e 65 64 20 70 |ecently |gained p|
|00000a50| 6f 70 75 6c 61 72 69 74 | 79 3b 20 62 6c 75 6e 74 |opularit|y; blunt|
|00000a60| 0d 0a 73 75 63 74 69 6f | 6e 2d 61 73 73 69 73 74 |..suctio|n-assist|
|00000a70| 65 64 20 6c 69 70 65 63 | 74 6f 6d 79 20 6d 61 79 |ed lipec|tomy may|
|00000a80| 20 62 65 20 6c 65 73 73 | 20 74 72 61 75 6d 61 74 | be less| traumat|
|00000a90| 69 7a 69 6e 67 20 74 68 | 61 6e 20 6f 70 65 6e 20 |izing th|an open |
|00000aa0| 70 72 6f 63 65 64 75 72 | 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 0d |procedur|es, and.|
|00000ab0| 0a 74 68 65 20 69 6e 63 | 69 64 65 6e 63 65 20 6f |.the inc|idence o|
|00000ac0| 66 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c 69 | 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 |f compli|cations |
|00000ad0| 68 61 73 20 62 65 65 6e | 20 6d 69 6e 6f 72 20 69 |has been| minor i|
|00000ae0| 6e 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6c | 61 72 67 65 20 73 65 72 |n most l|arge ser|
|00000af0| 69 65 73 2e 20 20 41 20 | 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 0d |ies. A |patient.|
|00000b00| 0a 64 69 65 64 20 6f 66 | 20 6e 65 63 72 6f 74 69 |.died of| necroti|
|00000b10| 7a 69 6e 67 20 66 61 73 | 63 69 69 74 69 73 20 61 |zing fas|ciitis a|
|00000b20| 66 74 65 72 20 73 75 63 | 74 69 6f 6e 2d 61 73 73 |fter suc|tion-ass|
|00000b30| 69 73 74 65 64 20 6c 69 | 70 65 63 74 6f 6d 79 20 |isted li|pectomy |
|00000b40| 69 6e 20 77 68 69 63 68 | 20 62 6c 75 6e 74 0d 0a |in which| blunt..|
|00000b50| 63 61 74 68 65 74 65 72 | 73 20 77 65 72 65 20 75 |catheter|s were u|
|00000b60| 73 65 64 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 57 6f 6d |sed.....| Wom|
|00000b70| 61 6e 2c 20 33 36 2c 20 | 68 61 64 20 75 6e 64 65 |an, 36, |had unde|
|00000b80| 72 67 6f 6e 65 20 73 75 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 6c 69 |rgone su|ction li|
|00000b90| 70 65 63 74 6f 6d 79 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6d |pectomy |of the m|
|00000ba0| 65 64 69 61 6c 20 75 70 | 70 65 72 20 61 72 6d 73 |edial up|per arms|
|00000bb0| 3b 0d 0a 6d 65 64 69 61 | 6c 2c 20 61 6e 74 65 72 |;..media|l, anter|
|00000bc0| 69 6f 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 6c 61 74 65 72 61 6c |ior, and| lateral|
|00000bd0| 20 74 68 69 67 68 73 3b | 20 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 | thighs;| and the|
|00000be0| 20 6d 65 64 69 61 6c 20 | 61 73 70 65 63 74 20 6f | medial |aspect o|
|00000bf0| 66 20 74 68 65 20 6b 6e | 65 65 73 2e 0d 0a 41 70 |f the kn|ees...Ap|
|00000c00| 70 72 6f 78 69 6d 61 74 | 65 6c 79 20 33 2c 30 30 |proximat|ely 3,00|
|00000c10| 30 20 63 63 20 6f 66 20 | 74 69 73 73 75 65 20 77 |0 cc of |tissue w|
|00000c20| 61 73 20 72 65 6d 6f 76 | 65 64 3b 20 74 68 65 72 |as remov|ed; ther|
|00000c30| 65 20 77 61 73 20 6e 6f | 20 70 72 65 6f 70 65 72 |e was no| preoper|
|00000c40| 61 74 69 76 65 20 76 6f | 6c 75 6d 65 0d 0a 6c 6f |ative vo|lume..lo|
|00000c50| 61 64 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 | 44 75 72 69 6e 67 20 74 |ading. |During t|
|00000c60| 68 65 20 70 72 6f 63 65 | 64 75 72 65 20 74 68 65 |he proce|dure the|
|00000c70| 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 | 20 73 75 73 74 61 69 6e | patient| sustain|
|00000c80| 65 64 20 61 20 68 79 70 | 6f 74 65 6e 73 69 76 65 |ed a hyp|otensive|
|00000c90| 20 65 70 69 73 6f 64 65 | 20 62 75 74 0d 0a 72 65 | episode| but..re|
|00000ca0| 73 70 6f 6e 64 65 64 20 | 74 6f 20 61 20 35 30 30 |sponded |to a 500|
|00000cb0| 2d 63 63 20 69 6e 66 75 | 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 |-cc infu|sion of |
|00000cc0| 61 6c 62 75 6d 69 6e 2e | 20 20 53 68 65 20 77 61 |albumin.| She wa|
|00000cd0| 73 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 | 64 65 78 61 6d 65 74 68 |s given |dexameth|
|00000ce0| 61 73 6f 6e 65 2c 20 38 | 20 6d 67 2c 0d 0a 61 6e |asone, 8| mg,..an|
|00000cf0| 64 20 77 65 6e 74 20 68 | 6f 6d 65 20 74 68 65 20 |d went h|ome the |
|00000d00| 73 61 6d 65 20 64 61 79 | 3b 20 61 20 74 61 70 65 |same day|; a tape|
|00000d10| 72 69 6e 67 20 64 6f 73 | 65 20 73 63 68 65 64 75 |ring dos|e schedu|
|00000d20| 6c 65 20 77 61 73 20 69 | 6e 73 74 69 74 75 74 65 |le was i|nstitute|
|00000d30| 64 2e 20 20 57 69 74 68 | 69 6e 0d 0a 68 6f 75 72 |d. With|in..hour|
|00000d40| 73 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 | 73 75 72 67 65 72 79 20 |s after |surgery |
|00000d50| 73 68 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 6c 61 69 6e 65 64 20 74 |she comp|lained t|
|00000d60| 6f 20 68 65 72 20 66 61 | 6d 69 6c 79 20 6f 66 20 |o her fa|mily of |
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|000039b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000039c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000039d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
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|00003ad0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003ae0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003af0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003b00| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
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|000048a0| 67 20 4d 65 64 20 36 3a | 39 39 2d 31 30 37 2c 20 |g Med 6:|99-107, |
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|000048f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
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|00004920| 20 20 20 20 20 50 72 69 | 6d 61 72 79 20 63 61 72 | Pri|mary car|
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|00005340| 0d 0a 31 39 39 30 20 59 | 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b |..1990 Y|ear Book|
|00005350| 20 6f 66 20 45 6d 65 72 | 67 65 6e 63 79 20 4d 65 | of Emer|gency Me|
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|00005380| 20 45 6d 65 72 67 65 6e | 63 69 65 73 0d 0a 0d 0a | Emergen|cies....|
|00005390| 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 | 72 69 63 20 45 6d 65 72 |Psychiat|ric Emer|
|000053a0| 67 65 6e 63 69 65 73 0d | 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |gencies.|...-----|
|000053b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000053c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000053d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000053e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000053f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 0d 0a 49 6e 74 72 61 |--------|-..Intra|
|00005400| 76 65 6e 6f 75 73 20 43 | 6f 63 61 69 6e 65 3a 20 |venous C|ocaine: |
|00005410| 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 | 74 72 69 63 20 45 66 66 | Psychia|tric Eff|
|00005420| 65 63 74 73 2c 20 42 69 | 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 61 6c |ects, Bi|ological|
|00005430| 20 4d 65 63 68 61 6e 69 | 73 6d 73 0d 0a 0d 0a 53 | Mechani|sms....S|
|00005440| 68 65 72 65 72 20 4d 41 | 0d 0a 28 4e 61 74 6c 20 |herer MA|..(Natl |
|00005450| 49 6e 73 74 20 6f 6e 20 | 44 72 75 67 20 41 62 75 |Inst on |Drug Abu|
|00005460| 73 65 2c 20 42 61 6c 74 | 69 6d 6f 72 65 29 0d 0a |se, Balt|imore)..|
|00005470| 42 69 6f 6c 20 50 73 79 | 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 |Biol Psy|chiatry |
|00005480| 32 34 3a 38 36 35 2d 38 | 38 35 2c 20 44 65 63 65 |24:865-8|85, Dece|
|00005490| 6d 62 65 72 20 31 39 38 | 38 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |mber 198|8..-----|
|000054a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000054b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000054c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000054d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000054e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a 41 62 73 |--------|-....Abs|
|000054f0| 74 72 61 63 74 0d 0a 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 44 72 |tract...|. Dr|
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|00005510| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f | in the |number o|
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|00005530| 61 6e 64 20 63 6f 63 61 | 69 6e 65 2d 72 65 6c 61 |and coca|ine-rela|
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|00005550| 20 6c 65 64 20 74 6f 20 | 67 72 6f 77 69 6e 67 20 | led to |growing |
|00005560| 70 75 62 6c 69 63 20 63 | 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 20 6f |public c|oncern o|
|00005570| 76 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 77 69 64 65 73 70 72 65 |ver the |widespre|
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|00005b70| 69 6e 0d 0a 68 75 6d 61 | 6e 20 62 65 69 6e 67 73 |in..huma|n beings|
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|00005ec0| 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 34 35 | 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 65 |olume{45|}..$Page|
|00005ed0| 7b 37 34 38 2d 37 36 33 | 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 65 |{748-763|}..$Date|
|00005ee0| 7b 41 75 67 75 73 74 20 | 31 39 38 38 7d 0d 0a 24 |{August |1988}..$|
|00005ef0| 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 39 | 39 30 20 59 65 61 72 20 |YBVol{19|90 Year |
|00005f00| 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 | 45 6d 65 72 67 65 6e 63 |Book of |Emergenc|
|00005f10| 79 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 | 6e 65 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 |y Medici|ne}..$Ch|
|00005f20| 61 70 74 65 72 7b 34 2d | 37 37 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 |apter{4-|77}..$YB|
|00005f30| 45 64 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 | 72 2e 20 57 61 67 6e 65 |Editor{D|r. Wagne|
|00005f40| 72 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 | 6c 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 |r}..$Tab|le{}..$C|
|00005f50| 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 | 6f 72 7b 45 2e 48 2e 20 |ommentat|or{E.H. |
|00005f60| 54 61 6c 61 66 69 65 72 | 72 6f 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e |Talafier|ro, M.D.|
|00005f70| 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 | 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 |}....Cop|yright (|
|00005f80| 63 29 20 59 65 61 72 62 | 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 |c) Yearb|ook Medi|
|00005f90| 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 6c | 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c 20 |cal Publ|ishers, |
|00005fa0| 49 6e 63 2e 2c 20 31 39 | 39 30 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 |Inc., 19|90....19|
|00005fb0| 39 30 20 59 65 61 72 20 | 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 |90 Year |Book of |
|00005fc0| 45 6d 65 72 67 65 6e 63 | 79 20 4d 65 64 69 63 69 |Emergenc|y Medici|
|00005fd0| 6e 65 20 28 52 29 0d 0a | 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 |ne (R)..|..Chapte|
|00005fe0| 72 20 34 2d 2d 53 70 65 | 63 69 61 6c 20 45 6d 65 |r 4--Spe|cial Eme|
|00005ff0| 72 67 65 6e 63 69 65 73 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 73 79 63 |rgencies|....Psyc|
|00006000| 68 69 61 74 72 69 63 20 | 45 6d 65 72 67 65 6e 63 |hiatric |Emergenc|
|00006010| 69 65 73 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |ies....-|--------|
|00006020| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006030| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006040| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006050| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006060| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 43 | 69 76 69 6c 20 43 6f 6d |-----..C|ivil Com|
|00006070| 6d 69 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 50 |mitment |in the P|
|00006080| 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 | 69 63 20 45 6d 65 72 67 |sychiatr|ic Emerg|
|00006090| 65 6e 63 79 20 52 6f 6f | 6d 0d 0a 0d 0a 53 65 67 |ency Roo|m....Seg|
|000060a0| 61 6c 20 53 50 2c 20 57 | 61 74 73 6f 6e 20 4d 41 |al SP, W|atson MA|
|000060b0| 2c 20 47 6f 6c 64 66 69 | 6e 67 65 72 20 53 4d 2c |, Goldfi|nger SM,|
|000060c0| 20 41 76 65 72 62 75 63 | 6b 20 44 53 0d 0a 28 55 | Averbuc|k DS..(U|
|000060d0| 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 20 43 | 61 6c 69 66 6f 72 6e 69 |niv of C|aliforni|
|000060e0| 61 2c 20 42 65 72 6b 65 | 6c 65 79 20 61 6e 64 20 |a, Berke|ley and |
|000060f0| 53 61 6e 20 46 72 61 6e | 63 69 73 63 6f 3b 20 49 |San Fran|cisco; I|
|00006100| 6e 73 74 20 66 6f 72 20 | 53 63 69 65 6e 74 69 66 |nst for |Scientif|
|00006110| 69 63 20 41 6e 61 6c 79 | 73 69 73 2c 0d 0a 42 65 |ic Analy|sis,..Be|
|00006120| 72 6b 65 6c 65 79 29 0d | 0a 41 72 63 68 20 47 65 |rkeley).|.Arch Ge|
|00006130| 6e 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 | 61 74 72 79 20 34 35 3a |n Psychi|atry 45:|
|00006140| 37 34 38 2d 37 36 33 2c | 20 41 75 67 75 73 74 20 |748-763,| August |
|00006150| 31 39 38 38 0d 0a 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |1988..--|--------|
|00006160| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006170| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006180| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006190| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000061a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a | 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 |----....|Abstract|
|000061b0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 49 2e 20 54 68 65 20 |.... | I. The |
|000061c0| 41 73 73 65 73 73 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 44 61 |Assessme|nt of Da|
|000061d0| 6e 67 65 72 6f 75 73 6e | 65 73 73 20 62 79 20 45 |ngerousn|ess by E|
|000061e0| 6d 65 72 67 65 6e 63 79 | 20 52 6f 6f 6d 20 43 6c |mergency| Room Cl|
|000061f0| 69 6e 69 63 69 61 6e 73 | 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 |inicians|.. T|
|00006200| 68 65 20 71 75 65 73 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 61 72 69 73 |he quest|ion aris|
|00006210| 65 73 20 6f 66 20 77 68 | 65 74 68 65 72 20 63 6c |es of wh|ether cl|
|00006220| 69 6e 69 63 69 61 6e 73 | 20 69 6e 20 70 73 79 63 |inicians| in psyc|
|00006230| 68 69 61 74 72 69 63 20 | 65 6d 65 72 67 65 6e 63 |hiatric |emergenc|
|00006240| 79 20 72 6f 6f 6d 73 0d | 0a 68 61 76 65 20 61 20 |y rooms.|.have a |
|00006250| 73 68 61 72 65 64 20 63 | 6f 6e 63 65 70 74 20 6f |shared c|oncept o|
|00006260| 66 20 64 61 6e 67 65 72 | 6f 75 73 6e 65 73 73 20 |f danger|ousness |
|00006270| 74 68 61 74 20 63 61 6e | 20 62 65 20 64 65 73 63 |that can| be desc|
|00006280| 72 69 62 65 64 20 62 65 | 68 61 76 69 6f 72 61 6c |ribed be|havioral|
|00006290| 6c 79 2e 0d 0a 54 68 65 | 20 54 68 72 65 65 20 52 |ly...The| Three R|
|000062a0| 61 74 69 6e 67 73 20 6f | 66 20 49 6e 76 6f 6c 75 |atings o|f Involu|
|000062b0| 6e 74 61 72 79 20 41 64 | 6d 69 73 73 69 62 69 6c |ntary Ad|missibil|
|000062c0| 69 74 79 20 28 54 52 49 | 41 44 29 20 73 63 61 6c |ity (TRI|AD) scal|
|000062d0| 65 2c 20 61 20 72 65 6c | 69 61 62 6c 65 20 69 6e |e, a rel|iable in|
|000062e0| 64 65 78 0d 0a 6f 66 20 | 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 |dex..of |behavior|
|000062f0| 61 6c 20 69 6e 64 69 63 | 61 74 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 |al indic|ators of|
|00006300| 20 64 61 6e 67 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 73 65 6c 66 2c | danger |to self,|
|00006310| 20 64 61 6e 67 65 72 20 | 74 6f 20 6f 74 68 65 72 | danger |to other|
|00006320| 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 67 | 72 61 76 65 0d 0a 64 69 |s, and g|rave..di|
|00006330| 73 61 62 69 6c 69 74 79 | 2c 20 77 61 73 20 75 73 |sability|, was us|
|00006340| 65 64 2e 20 20 42 6f 74 | 68 20 74 68 65 20 54 52 |ed. Bot|h the TR|
|00006350| 49 41 44 20 61 6e 64 20 | 74 68 65 20 43 6c 69 6e |IAD and |the Clin|
|00006360| 69 63 69 61 6e 27 73 20 | 47 6c 6f 62 61 6c 20 52 |ician's |Global R|
|00006370| 61 74 69 6e 67 73 20 28 | 43 47 52 29 0d 0a 77 65 |atings (|CGR)..we|
|00006380| 72 65 20 61 70 70 6c 69 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 68 |re appli|ed to th|
|00006390| 65 20 64 69 73 70 6f 73 | 69 74 69 6f 6e 20 64 65 |e dispos|ition de|
|000063a0| 63 69 73 69 6f 6e 73 20 | 6f 66 20 37 30 20 63 6c |cisions |of 70 cl|
|000063b0| 69 6e 69 63 69 61 6e 73 | 20 69 6e 20 35 20 70 73 |inicians| in 5 ps|
|000063c0| 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 69 | 63 0d 0a 65 6d 65 72 67 |ychiatri|c..emerg|
|000063d0| 65 6e 63 79 20 72 6f 6f | 6d 73 20 77 68 6f 20 74 |ency roo|ms who t|
|000063e0| 72 65 61 74 65 64 20 32 | 35 31 20 70 61 74 69 65 |reated 2|51 patie|
|000063f0| 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 72 65 20 61 70 70 65 |nts. Th|ere appe|
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
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